A mutual fund guide could basically be called a guide to investing in stocks, bonds, and money market securities.
Funds are not just another investment option; they represent the best way for most people to invest in investment securities. When I was a financial planner a prospective client once asked me, “should I invest in stocks, bonds, IRAs, or mutual funds?” That question told me a lot about the lawyer asking it. He needed a financial planner, and also needed access to a good basic guide to investing as well. I explained that mutual funds were the easiest way for the average investor to invest in stocks and bonds, and that this could be done in either an IRA and/or in various other types of accounts, like in a joint account with his spouse.
All of these funds are simply professionally managed pools of investors’ money. You invest a dollar amount, and in return own shares in a large portfolio of securities like stocks and bonds. The financial objectives range from safety and stability of principle, to high income, to high growth or profit potential. Money market funds invest in safe short-term debt like U.S. Treasury bills, with safety and liquidity as the primary objectives. They pay competitive interest rates in the form of dividends, and the value of their shares is pegged at $1 and rarely fluctuates in value. Bond funds invest in bonds, longer-term debt, to produce higher interest income for the investors. The value of investor shares will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates, so risk is moderate in bond funds.
Equity funds invest your money in common stocks with the objective of earning higher returns or profits for investors. Risk is higher here, as the price or value of shares can fluctuate significantly. The fourth category is balanced funds, which invest in a combination of money market securities, bonds, and stocks. The objective is to provide both moderate growth and dividend income at a moderate level of risk. No guide to investing in mutual funds is complete without considering the cost of investing. You can invest through a middleman and pay as much as 5% or more in sales charges called “loads” or you can invest directly in no-load funds and avoid them. While all mutual funds charge for yearly expenses, you can pay 2% a year or more, or less than % in well chosen no-load funds.
Mutual funds are basically a highly diversified, risk-spread investments that, while they charge expenses, are cheaper than virtually any other type of investment out there. Best of all, mutual funds can be virtually any asset class, not just equities, providing investors with plenty of options. This is because about 99% of the time, if you own mutual funds your money will be invested in one of the biggest and most established investment types.
If you have a small percentage of your portfolio (around 10% is recommended) in commodity mutual funds, then you have some protection from a downward swing in the stock market. Commodities also do well during times as of inflation. And they are a good hedge during times of a weak dollar. To take advantage of the diversification benefits of commodities there are other choices available, such as commodity mutual funds. They are similar to stock mutual funds in that there are many types to choose from, just as there are many brokers to buy them from. Do a little research on the funds and brokers and put some diversification into your portfolio.
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